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July 8 is the 189th day of the year (190th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 176 days remaining until the end of the year.
Events
- 1099First Crusade: 15,000 starving Christian soldiers march in a religious procession around Jerusalem as its Muslim defenders look on.
- 1283War of the Sicilian Vespers: Battle of Malta
- 1497Vasco da Gama sets sail on first direct European voyage to India.
- 1579Our Lady of Kazan, a holy icon of the Russian Orthodox Church, is discovered underground in the city of Kazan, Tatarstan.
- 1663Charles II of England grants John Clarke a Royal Charter to Rhode Island.
- 1680 – The first confirmed tornado in America kills a servant at Cambridge, Massachusetts.
- 1709Great Northern War: Battle of Poltava: Peter I of Russia defeats Charles XII of Sweden at Poltava thus effectively ending Sweden's role as a major power in Europe.
- 1716 – Great Northern War: Battle of Dynekilen
- 1758French forces hold Fort Carillon against the British at Ticonderoga, New York.
- 1760French and Indian War: Battle of Restigouche – British defeat French forces in last naval battle in New France.
- 1775 – The Olive Branch Petition is adopted by the Continental Congress of the Thirteen Colonies.
- 1776 – The Declaration of Independence is read aloud in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and the Liberty Bell is rung.
- 1822Chippewas turn over huge tract of land in Ontario to the United Kingdom.
- 1853Commodore Perry sails into Tokyo Bay.
- 1859 – King Charles XV/Carl IV accedes to the throne of Sweden-Norway.
- 1864 – The Shinsengumi sabotage the Choshu-han shishi's planned attack on Kyoto, Japan at Ikedaya. This event is known as Ikedaya Jiken.
- 1874 – The Mounties begin their March West.
- 1876 – White supremacists kill five Black Republicans in Hamburg, SC.
- 1889 – The first issue of the Wall Street Journal is published.
- 1892St. John's, Newfoundland is devastated in the Great Fire of 1892.
- 1896William Jennings Bryan delivers his Cross of Gold speech advocating bimetalism at the 1896 Democratic National Convention in Chicago.
- 1898 – The shooting death of crime boss Soapy Smith releases Skagway, Alaska from his iron grip.
- 1932 – The Dow Jones Industrial Average reaches its lowest level of the Great Depression, bottoming out at 41.22.
- 1947 – Reports are broadcast that a UFO crash landed in Roswell, New Mexico.
- 1948 – The United States Air Force accepts its first female recruits into a program called Women in the Air Force (WAF).
- 1960Francis Gary Powers is charged with espionage resulting from his flight over the Soviet Union.
- 1962Ne Win besieges and dynamites the Ragoon University Student Union building to crash the Student Movement.
- 1966King Mwambutsa IV Bangiriceng of Burundi is deposed by his son Prince Charles Ndizi.
- 1968 – The Municipality of General Santos was converted into a City status, named,General Santos City
- 1969IBM CICS is made generally available for the 360 mainframe computer.
- 1970Richard Nixon delivers a special congressional message enunciating Native American Self-Determination as official US Indian policy, leading to the Indian Self-Determination Act.
- 1977 – The ashes of Ahn Eak-tai, a Korean conductor and the composer of the national anthem Aegukga, are transferred from the island of Majorca to the Korean National Cemetery.
- 1982 – Assassination attempt against former Iraqi president Saddam Hussein in Dujail.
- 1982 – Senegalese Trotskyist political party LCT is legally recognized.
- 1992Conference for Security and Co-operation in Europe creates the office of High Commissioner on National Minorities.
- 1997NATO invites the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland to join the alliance in 1999.
- 1999Allen Lee Davis is executed by electric chair by the state of Florida, the last use of the electric chair for capital punishment in Florida.
- 2003Sudan Airways Flight 39, with 116 people on board, crashes in Sudan; the only survivor is a two-year-old boy who subsequently dies as a result of his injuries.
Births
- 1528Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy (d. 1580)
- 1545Don Carlos of Spain (d. 1568)
- 1593Artemisia Gentileschi, Italian painter (d. 1653)
- 1621Jean de la Fontaine, French writer (d. 1695)
- 1760Christian Kramp, French mathematician (d. 1826)
- 1766Dominique Jean Larrey, French surgeon (d. 1842)
- 1792Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen, queen of Bavaria (d. 1854)
- 1819Francis Leopold McClintock, British naval officer and explorer (d. 1907)
- 1830Frederick William Seward, 6th & 11th United States Assistant Secretary of State (d. 1915)
- 1830 – Grand Duchess Alexandra Iosifovna of Altenburg (d. 1911)
- 1836Joseph Chamberlain, British politician (d. 1914)
- 1838Ferdinand von Zeppelin, German inventor (d. 1917)
- 1839John D. Rockefeller, American industrialist and philanthropist (d. 1937)
- 1851Arthur Evans, English archaeologist (d. 1941)
- 1857Alfred Binet, French psychologist (d. 1911)
- 1867Käthe Kollwitz, German artist (d. 1945)
- 1878Jimmy Quinn, Scottish footballer (d. 1945)
- 1882Percy Grainger, Australian composer (d. 1961)
- 1885Ernst Bloch, German philosopher (d. 1977)
- 1892Richard Aldington, English poet (d. 1962)
- 1892 – Pavel Korin, Russian painter (d. 1967)
- 1895Igor Tamm, Russian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1971)
- 1898Melville Ruick, American actor (d. 1972)
- 1904Henri Cartan, French mathematician (d. 2008)
- 1905Leonid Amalrik, Russian animator (d. 1997)
- 1906Philip Johnson, American architect (d. 2005)
- 1907George W. Romney, American businessman and politician (d. 1995)
- 1908Louis Jordan, American saxophonist (d. 1975)
- 1908 – Nelson A. Rockefeller, 41st Vice President of the United States (d. 1979)
- 1914Jyoti Basu, Indian politician (d. 2010)
- 1914 – Billy Eckstine, American jazz singer (d. 1993)
- 1917Faye Emerson, American actress (d. 1983)
- 1918Craig Stevens, American actor (d. 2000)
- 1918 – Paul B. Fay, American businessman and cabinet member in the Kennedy administration (d. 2009)
- 1919Walter Scheel, German politician
- 1920Godtfred Kirk Christiansen, Danish industrialist (Lego Group) (d. 1995)
- 1923Harrison Dillard, American athlete
- 1924Johnnie Johnson, American blues musician (d. 2005)
- 1926Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, Swiss-born psychiatrist (d. 2004)
- 1927Maurice Hayes, Irish politician
- 1932Jerry Vale, American singer
- 1933Marty Feldman, English comedian and actor (d. 1982)
- 1933 – Antonio Lamer, French Canadian lawyer and chief justice (d. 2007)
- 1934Ed Lumley, Canadian corporate executive and former politician
- 1935Steve Lawrence, American entertainer and singer
- 1935 – Vitali Sevastyanov, Russian cosmonaut
- 1940Ben Chapman, English politician and civil servant
- 1941Dario Gradi, Italian-born football manager
- 1942Phil Gramm, American politician
- 1944Jai Johanny Johanson, American musician (The Allman Brothers Band)
- 1944 – Jeffrey Tambor, American actor
- 1945Micheline Calmy-Rey, Swiss politician
- 1947Kim Darby, American actress
- 1947 – Luis Fernando Figari, Peruvian founder of Sodalitium Christianae Vitae
- 1948Raffi, Canadian children's entertainer
- 1949Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy, Chief Minister of State of Andhra Pradesh, India (d. 2009)
- 1949Frank Delima, American comedian
- 1949 – Dale Hoganson, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1949 – Wolfgang Puck, Austrian-born celebrity chef
- 1951Anjelica Huston, American actress
- 1952Jack Lambert, American football player
- 1952Marianne Williamson, American new-age author
- 1952 – Anna Quindlen, American columnist
- 1955Mihaela Mitrache, Romanian actress (d. 2008)
- 1955 – Alison Fraser, American actress
- 1956Terry Puhl, Canadian baseball player
- 1957Aleksandr Gurnov, Russian television personality
- 1957 – Carlos Cavazo, American musician (Quiet Riot)
- 1958Kevin Bacon, American actor
- 1958Tzipi Livni, Israeli politician
- 1958Pauline Quirke, British actress
- 1958Neetu Singh, Indian Actress
- 1958 – Andreas Carlgren, Swedish politician
- 1959Robert Knepper, American actor
- 1960Mal Meninga, Australian rugby league footballer
- 1961Toby Keith, American singer
- 1961 – Andrew Fletcher, English musician (Depeche Mode)
- 1962Joan Osborne, American singer and songwriter
- 1963Mark Christopher, American film director
- 1964Linda de Mol, Dutch actress and host
- 1964 – Alexei Gusarov, Russian ice hockey player
- 1965Lee Tergesen, American actor
- 1966Shadlog Bernicke, Nauruan politician
- 1967Jordan Chan, Hong Kong actor and singer
- 1968Akio Suyama, Japanese seiyu
- 1968 – Billy Crudup, American actor
- 1968 – Thom Fitzgerald, American-Canadian film director
- 1968 – Shane Howarth, New Zealand/Wales rugby player
- 1968 – Michael Weatherly, American actor
- 1969Sugizo Japanese guitarist and singer
- 1970Beck, American singer
- 1971Amanda Peterson, American actress
- 1971John Juanda, Indonesian poker player
- 1971Neil Jenkins, Welsh rugby player
- 1972 – Karl Dykhuis, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1972 – Shōsuke Tanihara, Japanese actor
- 1972Sourav Ganguly, Former Captain of Indian Cricket Team
- 1973Kathleen Robertson, Canadian actress
- 1974Zhanna Friske, Russian actress and singer
- 1974 – Tami Erin, American actress and model
- 1975Elias Viljanen, Finnish Guitarist (Sonata Arctica)
- 1976Talal El Karkouri, Moroccan footballer
- 1976 – David Kennedy, American guitarist (Angels & Airwaves)
- 1977Wang Zhizhi, Chinese basketball player
- 1977 – Milo Ventimiglia, American actor
- 1978Rachael Lillis, American actress
- 1980Robbie Keane, Irish footballer
- 1981Anastasia Myskina, Russian tennis player
- 1982Hakim Warrick, American basketball player
- 1982 – Joshua Alba, American actor
- 1982 – Sophia Bush, American actress
- 1983Jaroslav Janiš, Czech racing car driver
- 1983 – John Bowker, American baseball player
- 1984Alexis Dziena, American actress
- 1985Jamie Cook, British musician (Arctic Monkeys)
- 1986Renata Costa, Brazilian footballer
- 1986 – Jake McDorman, American actor
- 1987Vlada Roslyakova, Russian model
- 1992Benjamin Grosvenor, British pianist
- 1998Jaden Smith, American actor
Deaths
- 810Pepin, King of Italy (b. 773)
- 901 – Saint Grimbald (b. 827)
- 975 – King Edgar of England
- 1153Pope Eugene III
- 1538Diego de Almagro, Spanish explorer (b. 1475)
- 1623Pope Gregory XV (b. 1554)
- 1689Edward Wooster, English Connecticut pioneer (b. 1622)
- 1695Christiaan Huygens, Dutch scientist (b. 1629)
- 1716Robert South, English churchman (b. 1634)
- 1721Elihu Yale, American benefactor of Yale University (b. 1649)
- 1726John Ker, Scottish spy (b. 1673)
- 1784Torbern Bergman, Swedish chemist (b. 1735)
- 1822Percy Bysshe Shelley, English poet (b. 1792)
- 1826Luther Martin, American statesman (b. 1748)
- 1850Prince Adolphus, 1st Duke of Cambridge (b. 1774)
- 1855 – Sir William Edward Parry, English Arctic explorer (b. 1790)
- 1859 – King Oscar I of Sweden and Norway (b. 1799)
- 1887Ben Holladay, American Businessman and founder of the Overland Stagecoach Company (b. 1819)
- 1895Johann Josef Loschmidt, Austrian scientist (b. 1821)
- 1898Soapy Smith, American con artist (b. 1860)
- 1905Walter Kittredge, American musician (b. 1834)
- 1913Louis Hémon, French-born writer (b. 1880)
- 1917Tom Thomson, Canadian painter (b. 1877)
- 1930 – Sir Joseph Ward, 17th Prime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1856)
- 1933Anthony Hope, British author (b. 1863)
- 1934Benjamin Baillaud, French astronomer (b. 1848)
- 1939Havelock Ellis, British physician (b. 1859)
- 1941Moses Schorr, Polish rabbi, senator, historian and orientalist (b. 1874)
- 1943Jean Moulin, French Resistance leader (b. 1899)
- 1950Othmar Spann, Austrian philosopher (b. 1878)
- 1956Giovanni Papini, Italian essayist (b. 1881)
- 1957Grace Coolidge, First Lady of the United States (b. 1879)
- 1961Konstantinos Logothetopoulos, Greek medical doctor, Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1878)
- 1962Georges Bataille, French writer and philosopher (b. 1897)
- 1967Fatima Jinnah, Pakistani political figure (b. 1893)
- 1971Charlie Shavers, American jazz trumpet player (b. 1920)
- 1973Ben-Zion Dinur, Russian-born Israeli educator, historian and politician (b. 1884)
- 1973Wilfred Rhodes, English cricketer (b. 1877)
- 1979Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, Japanese physicist, Nobel laureate (b. 1906)
- 1979 – Robert B. Woodward, American chemist, Nobel laureate (b. 1917)
- 1979 – Michael Wilding, English actor (b. 1912)
- 1981Wild Bill Hallahan, American baseball player (b. 1902)
- 1986Skeeter Webb, American baseball player (b. 1909)
- 1987Gerardo Diego, Spanish poet (b. 1896)
- 1987 – Lionel Chevrier, Canadian politician (b. 1903)
- 1988Ray Barbuti, American athlete (b. 1905)
- 1990Howard Duff, American actor (b. 1913)
- 1991James Franciscus, American actor (b. 1934)
- 1994Christian-Jaque, French film director and screenwriter (b. 1904)
- 1994 – Kim Il-sung, North Korean leader (b. 1912)
- 1994 – Lars-Eric Lindblad, Swedish-American entrepreneur and explorer (b. 1927)
- 1994 – Dick Sargent, American actor (b. 1930)
- 1999Pete Conrad, American astronaut (b. 1930)
- 2001John O'Shea, New Zealand film director (b. 1920)
- 2002Ward Kimball, American animator (b. 1914)
- 2004Paula Danziger, American author (b. 1944)
- 2004 – Jean Lefebvre, French actor (b. 1922)
- 2006June Allyson, American actress (b. 1917)
- 2006 – Peter Hawkins, British actor/voice actor (b. 1924)
- 2008John Templeton, British businessman and philanthropist (b. 1912)
Holidays and observances
- Annual Soapy Smith wake, held each year in Skagway, Alaska in the Gold Rush Cemetery and in Hollywood, California at the Magic Castle
- Saints Abda and Sabas
- Auspicius of Trier, bishop of Trier
- Saint Evodius, bishop of Rouen, confessor (Translation)
- Saint Grimbald, abbot, confessor
- Saint Kilian of Würzburg, bishop, and companions
- Saint Nummius, confessor St. Nom
- Saint Procopius, martyr
- Saint Quintinus, martyr (Invention)
- Saint Theobald (Thibaut), abbot
- Saint Barbara (Translation)
- Saint Elizabeth, queen of Portugal
- Saint Sunniva and companions, virgins
External links
